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Colorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer or rectal cancer, is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum—parts of the large intestine. Colorectal cancer usually starts as small, noncancerous growths called polyps that can, over time, turn into cancer.

Risk factors for colorectal cancer include age (risk increases with age), a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, certain genetic conditions, a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease, and lifestyle factors such as a diet high in red or processed meats, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use.

Common symptoms may include changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or a change in stool consistency), blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort or pain, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.

Screening for colorectal cancer is crucial for early detection, often through methods like colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and fecal occult blood tests. Treatment options for colorectal cancer may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy, depending on the stage and specific characteristics of the cancer. Regular screenings, a healthy lifestyle, and awareness of symptoms contribute to prevention and early intervention in colorectal cancer.